A Summary of District-Level Downsizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Summary of District-Level Downsizing - Essay ExampleSchachter goes on to add that, the state legislators or the democratic and republican governors are on a process to balance their budgets and the bad economic times get to strained them to implement a huge cut in the public services arena, where the development sector is the target. The conductor of the AASA (American Association of School Administrators) confirmed this by saying that addition of the cuts to the end of the stimulus class would date stamp the districts come to a cliff. While reacting to the survey that was conducted by the AASA concerning the discipline superintendents, the music director Domenech indicated that the budget cut pry of 5%, which was targeting the administrators, was bound to accelerate. The whole district school administrator spectrum has become the target and vulnerable. The cuts in the education sector that are happening currently in the United States cities are a unique example that has n ever happened. As the number of the students rises, other educational leaders are gutting departments such as trading operations and assessments at the district level to turn the assistant principal position into a species that is endangered. The executive director of the IASA (Illinois Association of School Administrators) attributed the current events to the administrators being a microcosm of the recess in America. According to Schachter, different states sire reacted to these events in different ways in as much as the cuts or the layoffs are joint in all the involved districts. In California for example the layoffs or down sizing have considerably narrowed down the administrative corridor. Approximately 3,000 administrative posts an equivalent of 17% reduction has been utilize in California. This hardest part of this is that the state of California over the same period managed to loose a get along of 20,000 teachers equivalent of 6%. Despite of all these downsizing attempts a $4billion cut in California state education aid is looming and if the Gov.Browns plan of temporarily raising the taxes of some states is not approved, and then as many as 2000 administrators are going out of their jobs next year. The administrators were targeted first to pronounce and salvage the classroom since the instruction of the students was a priority hence the teachers were spared in California. The Charleston (S.C.) to mention as one of the schools froze the salaries of 3400 teachers and lay off a few. The board of this school is planning to cut between 70 and 60 positions in non-classrooms in the following year. This is according to Bobby Michael, who is the chief operations and financial officer for the county school Charleston. (Schachter, 1) In the state of Texas, the idea of raising the property taxes is not being considered despite the amount invoice for 37% of Texas school budget. The superintendent of Irving (Texas) Independent School District Bedden Dana manag ed to tap $6.5 one million million million, and another $7million to $10 million of the districts reserve fund will be taken in the following year to cover the deficit. The Irving district is facing a huge deficit of between $21 million to $31 million and, therefore, the reserves will not be enough to offset the deficits. Schachter is of the opinion that, the district has adopted another method of increasing the size of the class by adding three students at the elementary averaging

Work motivation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Work penury - courting Study ExampleExamples of experts leaving this company to go and work i nonher companies include Elizabeth Pedersen and Ola Rennemo. Their work motivating can be explained through a number of theories including Maslow hierarchy of needs motivational model, Herzberg motivational possible action, and McClellands motivational needs theory. This paper expounds these three motivational theories in relation to Norsk Petroleum case study. Maslows hierarchy of needs Maslows hierarchy of needs is one of the theories that describe drive and enthusiasm to work. It is substantial to posit that Maslow categorized individual needs and aspirations into five categories. These include psychological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem, and at long last self actualization. This theory is best illustrated by the use of a pyramid that begins at the base and continues or progresses up. This theory corresponds to the precedence or the main concern of the desires and requi rements of gentleman beings. These desires can further be split up into deuce groups with bodily somatogenetic desires or requirements being symbolized at the base and emotional requirements being symbolized at the top. In Maslows theory, displeasure in human beings is considered a significant stimulator for human actions. Maslow elucidated the fact human beings have their own individual desires and when one desire is attained, other desires come up. However, individuals may even not be conscious of what is happening (Bagad, 2008). That is the case with Elizabeth Pedersen and Ola Rennemo. Despite being awarded more privileges, they eventually leftfield the organization for self-actualization due to their ambitions. Ola had to meet his needs and requirements to be closer to family while the reason for Elizabeths resignation was purely as a result of ambitions hence she was seeking self actualization. Herzberg motivational theory Herzberg motivational theory is in any case referr ed to as the two-factor motivational theory. In creating this theory, Herzberg did a study whereby he questioned two hundred engineers and accountants in nine different organizations on the instances when they were motivated and instances they were displeased with their work. In his findings, he assert that motivation in the workplace is determined by appreciation and achievements. Therefore, less compensation for work through with(p) may result to individuals being displeased in their work but on the other manus over compensation may not necessarily mean that an individual is pleased. According to him, issues that contribute to motivation in the workplace are directly connected with satisfaction. Discontentment is cause by issues related to settings and physical conditions in the workplace. He proposed that motivation is contributed by accountability, accomplishments, appreciation, as well as progression and development (Bagad, 2008). Elizabeth had make up an opportunity to lead her own team of engineers hence this motivated here to take the new assignment. He further argued that work itself is a factor causing motivation. Ola wanted to take the near his family. Therefore, his needs were accomplished. McClellands motivational needs theory McClellands motivational needs theory elucidates the fact that individuals add up inspiration in the workplace through three requirements. According to Bagad (2008), these requirements include the need for success, need for turn and authority, and the need for attachment and relationships. Since Elizabeth was well paid and she declined a salary increase as well as other added privileges, she had the need for influence and authority. She was seeking larger and superior duties of accountability since she was to supervise various teams of engineers and also bargain novel agreements with dealers and

Constructivist theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Constructivist theories - Essay ExampleHis master(prenominal) focus has been on the cognitive organization of the knowledge which includes the effect of physical or mental perceptions on mortals actions. Piagetian theory discusses both the behavioral and cognitive factors that are involved in the childs development. It states that reality is constructed by each individual (Mohrhoff, 2008, p.17). Ernst von Glasersfeld gave an extension to the constructivism of Jean Piaget and developed the pedestal constructivism (RC). It focuses on that perception comes through a cognitive self-referential process and is stored in some particular sensational areas in the brain. These perceptions link the experiences with the outside world. The thinking process activates by the experiences that a person goes through, resulting in the brass of knowledge. Thus, events are perceived according to the individuals interpretation of those events. Hence, RC basically emphasizes upon the fact that knowled ge is constructed from experiences (Yolles, 2006, p.82-83) alternatively than by way of senses. Hence, we see that both the theories emphasize upon the fact that knowledge is not bestowed upon a dormant observer but is constructed by the individual (Stricker, 1982). This cognitive aspect or the knowledge derived from it is adaptive and makes the individual organize his experiential world (Mohrhoff, 2008, p.18).

Media producer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Media producer - assay ExampleA considerable and significant relationship is cropping up between the earreach and media producers.The audience is very playing the role of a media producer in a way. This is because television producers need the audience for their programmes. Without the audience, there no need to produce a media text. Hence, the taste, age, gender, lifestyles, income, and television watching and reading habits of the audience determine the election of a media text (Wilson, 2011). Because of this, media producers seek to satisfy their audience in producing the media text in order to bear on commercially active. Additionally, many media producers are also the audience and vice versa. The audience chooses and influences the media texts to consume through interactions and discussions. Thus, the audience dictates the media texts to be produced thus acting as a media producer.I have acted as a media producer in relevant ways. Through online forums, mobile phone, and physical interactions with fellow fans and people interested in my favourite media texts. Indeed, we discuss the progress of a certain programme, its content, and its timing. We consequently air our suggestions and possible disappointments to the media producers that are available online. In some occasions, we have complained on missed programme episodes, changed the programme airing time, and even requested for replays. In conclusion, the quality of the engaged audience dominates over the quantity of the audience in the modern media

International Law - Refer to Order Instructions Essay

transnational constabulary - Refer to Order Instructions - Essay Example foreign Law in round-eyed term refers to the law binding upon between Sovereign Nations. It is a set of rules and guidelines to be followed by nations of the serviceman to maintain law , order , equality and justice among themselves. In other words , International Law comprises a system of rules and principles that govern the interactions between Sovereign States and other institutional subjects , such as International Inter Governmental Organizations . International law consists of rules and principles which govern the relations and dealings of nations with each other. International Law, which is in most other countries referred to as Public International Law, concerns itself only with questions of rights between several nations or nations and the citizens or subjects of other nations. In contrast, Private International Law deals with controversies between private persons, natural or juridical, arising pro trude of situations having significant relationship to more than one nation. In recent years the line between worldly concern and private outside(a) law have became increasingly uncertain. Issues of private international law may similarly implicate issues of public international law, and many matters of private international law nave substantial significance for the international community of nations.

Qualtity Health Care Administration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Qualtity Health Care Administration - Essay causastent with the principles of the 21st Century health system throughout the continuum of the undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education for medical, nursing, and other professional training programs (McLaughlin & Kaluzny, 2005). Also, the implications of the changes should be reviewed for provider credentialing programs, funding, and sponsorship of education programs for health professionals (Institute of Medicine, 2001).The strategies in current health education reform came up when attention was brought into the fact that health professions education was ill-equipped in the academic and continuing education settings to bobby pin the incoming changes in the patient population. These are changes in diversity, age, increase in chronic illnesses, and improved glide slope to health information (McLaughlin & Kaluzny, 2005). Another problem that was also seen was the fact that, although various health professionals are anticipate to work as a team, many of them are have not been trained to work as a team. They often have trouble communicating and coordinating with other members of the health care team, and this causes real problems in the delivery of quality health care services. It was also brought into the attention of the Institute of Medicine that the record base for health care practice was increasing however, there also appeared inconsistencies in evaluating evidence and so applying it to the health care practice. Another problem uncovered was also the fact that there was an inconsistency in what is actually known active the quality and safety of care and the coursework that is available to health professional students about how to assess quality and safety-of-care information and test solutions (McLaughlin & Kaluzny, 2005). Finally, inadequate training in informatics was also constituted through the IOM report.The above problems unearthed by the Institute of Medicine represented problems in healt h professions education that

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 178

Essay caseMedia practices engross a course of communication between people, and such communicative processes shape societal behavior. This is unvarnished in the materialistic role that cinema, as a form of technology, plays in the society. Larkin cites Nigeria as a ground in which cinema creates a fantasy space that comprise the entire sensory experience of urban living and modernity (Larkin, 2002). Technological determinism changes the traditional structures of sociability. Michael Warner asserts that the cultural structure of a medium is a denounce of political conditions of discourse, such as practices and structured labor referred to as technology (Warner, 1990).News making in the digital era is guide by clicks and spins, as explained by Dominic Boyer (2013). The author explains the communicative process in the digital process from a perspective that sees the process as an unconscious way of reading the fashion of the society, who is the object. Similarly, Amanda Weidman con firms that the association of class structures and technological media shape notions of power and realism by dictating which information circulates across the overt (Weidman, 2010). Mediating technology and mediated content, which are the subject and object respectively, determine peoples listening practices and mental

EMAAR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EMAAR - Essay ExampleEMAAR has its headquarters in Dubai (United Arabs Emirates). Despite the supra growth, EMAAR has still been in the verge of discussing new prospects of growth which entails geographical expansion to new and virgin lands virtually so the far east and North Africa (Group, 2008). The some other strategy is that of product segmentation. It deals in variety of products ranging from the lodging industry, hospitality and tourism industry. The company has also invested much in the Education Sector and the Health atomic number 18a where it has built schools and hospitals as hearty as investing in the best facilities for the buildings (Group, 2008). The company as well deals in the financial instruments in the financial markets of Dubai, where last grade (2010/2011) alone it traded in a perturbation of over 29 billion AED in stocks (Group, 2008).The companys total sale of apartments in the year 2010/2011 has been estimated to be Dh 583 this has been stated as a decl ine of about 86% of the previous years sales (Group, 2008). This may be because of the economic hard time, which even caused a crush in the westerly economies. The revenue from such sales was estimated to be about $ 1.52 billion last year, which is still a dribble of about 10%, the previous years revenues. The drop in revenue is attributed to and depicts a reduce in prices due to stiff competition in the industry. Two major products that the company deals in are the apartments and the villas. The apartments are the largest income-generating unit with a revenue of Dh 183 in the last quarter of last year. Villas on the other hand made good sales, the sales was about Dh126.4, this was a drop though of some few percentages (Group, 2008).EMAAR does not operate as a monopoly in its business. Just as I have concern previously it operates in a highly competitive environment where there are several

Diagnostic Advertising Profile Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diagnostic Advertising Profile - Research Paper poserBuild a express Workshop targets its stuffed toys, outfits, accessories, and other reasonably priced products towards issue children between the ages of 6 to 14. The basal purpose of Build-a- feature Workshops advertising campaign is to persuade potential customers in the age sustain of 6 to 14. Its mascot, the Bearemy, is also an adorable looking stuffed animal especially chosen to represent its target sense of hearing which consists in general of little children (Our Mascot, Bearemy, n.pag.). Its persuasive and informative advertising objective focuses on promoting people to buy their products by changing their perceptions active the products value. One of its commercials shows a small girl talking about how you can literally build a arrest by buying additional accessories along with the bear to fit the childs own linking (Build-a-Bear Workshop Commercial, 0020). So far it has been successful in effectively communicating its message of creating a customized cutting bear to suit the linking of every child. Though it did project a drop in its net income in 2007 when it failed to retain its customers (Farrell, n.pag.). Build-a-bear Workshop has sought-after(a) the services of divers(a) advertising agencies over the past and seeks the promotional services so as to increase its brand awareness, athletic supporter build technologically advanced retail outlets, and carry out integrated marketing. It has taken the services from agencies want Cannonball (Cannonball, n.pag.), SteadyRain, and even Samsung to put together its interactive and highly technological outlets creating superb brand information and value among its young customers. Its Bearville website also plays a critical role in the promotion and sales of its products online (What is Bearville, n.pag.). It sought the promotional services of SteadyRain in order to enhance its brand awareness online (SteadyRain, n.pag.). Since Build a Bear Work shop enables customers to buy online, it looked for an analysis of the federations website. The Search Engine Optimization allowed SteadyRain to evaluate the concern and the possible sources of organic search that yielded productive visits to the website. Its high tech outlets at various areas provide an interactive environment and digital gadgets to help the children design their customized toys (Kotler & Armstrong, 35 Olson, n.pag.). There are work stations at each stage starting from Stuff me where the child stuffs in fluff inside their teddy bear. The accomplish ends with Name me where the bear is complete and a birth certificate is issued (Kotler & Armstrong, 35-36). Samsung has provided its services to Build a Bear Workshop to pee its high tech stores containing interactive work stations and other technologies to enable the company to cater to its customers needs (Case Study Build-A Bear Workshop, 2). Build-a-Bear Workshops advertising mainly uses emotional appeals to reac h out their target market consisting of young children. Its television commercials often show young children and their product line of assorted teddy bears to inform its young audiences of its attractive option of customizing teddy bears. just about of advertisements aim at appealing the young children using tactics that stimulate the younger children to buy the customized teddy bears. One of its advertisements includes a young girl talking about how she can add different accessories to create her own tailored teddy bear (

Deployment of Emergency Care Practitioners by UK Ambulance Services Essay

Deployment of Emergency Care Practitioners by UK Ambulance Services - Essay ExampleThe emergency health superintend practitioners were to be given specific target to emergency 999 calls so that they can provide appropriate tutelage in the community. To make sure that all the health business workers adapt to this plan in a positive manner, an advisory team comprising of nurses was formulated. This team participated in discussions concerning adoption of various processes. This program was a transformational programme rather than a change programme. Moreover for evaluation purposes, data relating to calls reviewed by nurses was collected and analyzed.Surveys related to persevering satisfaction were carried out. These were done by contacting patients through telephone and make them answer a questionnaire. It was looked upon that there is prudish accuracy of documentation and that all the call meets the required minimum satisfaction criteria. Peer considerion was too used to ident ify learning outcomes and improvements required for achieving good standards.Good news stories as well as case study materials are used for demonstration, identification of areas meant for further development. The increasing role of an emergency care practioner has increased job opportunities also. For deployment of the emergency personnel in urgent situations the nurse advisors role was also introduced. This helps to resolve in a more appropriate manner.Study conducted on this area has revealed that about 600 to 700 ambulance journeys are salvage each month by providing the patient with more appropriate outcome with the sustained expansion of the referral pathways. summary of statistics gathered in 2005 showed that almost 74% of the patients seen by the emergency service providers did not require the service of an ambulance. 50% did not require hospital treatment. The East midlands ambulance services team have a coarse diversified staff group comprising both male and female work ers.The scheme followed by the group has enabled to reflect needs of communities, patients

Analyzing a company an dmaking comparisons Research Paper

Analyzing a company an dmaking comparisons - Research Paper ExampleAn outline of activity ratios and positiveness ratios of twain companies i.e. ENERSYS and EXIDE is conducted for time period from 2010-2011. The first ratio calculated is receipts margin, which is pull in Profit/Total Revenue. Net profit margin/Total Revenue is an important measure of favorableness and tells how much a company has earned after it has paid off all its expenses. So ENERSYS profitability is calculated to estimate where ENERSYS currently stands in comparison to its competitors. ENERSYS net profit margin is 6% in 2011 and 4% in 2010. Exides net profit margin is 1% in 2011 and -4% in 2010. Clearly, ENERSYS is trend ahead of Exide in impairment of profitability as ENERSYS earns a profit of 6% in 2011over its revenue earned. This means that ENERSYS gets to keep a profit share of 6% after all its expenses has been paid. On the different hand, Exide earns a net profit of only 1% in 2011, which means t hat Exide gets to keep a profit of only 1% after all its expenses have been paid. So, ENERSYS performs well as it earns more net income then(prenominal) Exide. However, Exide has improved more than ENERSYS since 2010 as Exides profit margin improved from -4% to 1%, charm ENERSYSs profit margin accessiond from 4% to 6% (ENERSYS, 2011). ENERSYS Return on Assets was 6% in 2011, so it earned 6% on its assets which is much give out than Exides ROA of 1%. . SO, clearly in terms of profitability ENERSYS outperforms Exide. Receivables turnover ratio for ENERSYS was 4.05 in 2011 and 3.98 in 2010, magical spell receivables turnover ratio for Exide was 5.35 in 2011 and 5.23 in 2010. ENERSYS Days Sales outstanding was 89 days in 2011 and 92 days in 2010, while Exides days sales outstanding was approximately 68 days in both 2011 and 2010 (Seeking Alpha, 2011).. facial expression at the activity ratios for both Exide and ENERSYS, it is surprising to note that Exide performs well then ENERSYS in its asset use. Exide is better able to collect its revenue money after sales have been made in a few(prenominal) days and so would convert its revenue to cash sooner than ENERSYS. ENERSYSs competitive financial strength is strong in terms of its profitability as it has a high net income in old years as compared to its competitors and higher total assets, and has made a lot of capital investments. However, ENERSYS is weaker in utilization of assets and has to put in stringent policies in order to tackle the issue (Yahoo, 2011a). A careful abstract of turn Cash Flow available to the firm will determine which firm is outperforming the other. Calculating the Free Cash Flow to Firm by adding Cash Flow from Operations to Interest expense and opinionated investments, it is seen that Exide has greater Free Cash Flow to Firm than ENERSYS. ENERSYS free cash flow to firm is $31945000, while Exides Free Cash Flow is $35088000. Also, looking at the cash flow statement of both compani es, ENERSYS has a negative cash flow due to higher investment in capital and higher debt financing. However, despite negative cash flow during 2011(Yahoo, 2011b), ENERSYS still has more cash reserves than Exide. This shows that ENERSYS is making bread and is not holding back as it is buying more capital in order to increase and develop further for the future. ENERSYS fixed capital expenditures entails that it will have a much positive mental capacity in

Sampling assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sampling assignment - hear Examplend-picked to constitute a team of 20 students without condition or any other consideration (be it a student of any level, of any particular gender or age).The result of the fair of the have in comparison with the population is showing a relative large deviation since the first audition is just a mere representation of the whole population constituting 20% of the whole population in general. A zero(prenominal)her aspect of the big deviation is the existence of extreme values within the first try for instance while student ID no. 1 has zero geezerhood for being absent, the student ID no. 7 has 13 days of absenteeism.The bit sample of this sampling technique is categorically picked on the posterior of gender. The technique seeks to investigate the difference created as a result of the school attendance among the boy-child vis a vis the girl-child. This second sample particularly check the absenteeism rate across the whole school for the girl-ch ild gender.The list of the 20 students at random picked from the whole population of the carbon students are as stated in correspondence with their ID returns and the number of days a student has been absent from school over the period.The positive deviation felt in the second sample as compared to the population average is as a result of reduction in sample space from 100 to 20 students for the sampling purposes. The average rate of absenteeism among the girls is slightly higher than the average population average, showing absenteeism is higher among girl-child in school.The third sample of this sampling technique entails the 20 boys among the 100 students population. This sample randomly picks at student from any grade, any age as long as he is a boy-child for this sampling purpose. Their ID numbers are recorded alongside their respective number of days one has been absent from school as followsThe average rate of absenteeism among the boys in the school is slightly to a highe r place the average rate of absenteeism in the general population of

Take home exam for the class (economics of race and gender ) Essay

Take home exam for the coterie (economics of race and gender ) - Essay ExampleLet us take the case of the United States Azimzadeh says roughly Americans believe in a three-class model - the rich, the middle class, and the poor. America is a diverse society considering its culture, economy, authorities and ideology which make different levels of wealth, income, education, occupation and social behavior. It is not easy sometimes to classify certain(prenominal) groups or people in a certain class. One approach which is more common is ground on cultural and economic diversity of the people and defines more of them in middle class (2008).In terms of economics, those belonging to the upper classes pull in very high lively standards and occupy top positions in government or corporate organizations, the upper middle classes composed of highly-educated and well-paid professionals also maintain good living conditions while the lower middle classes made up of semi-professionals or ordina ry workers suck in to cope up with meager resources.In a political scene marked by free enterprise, the upper classes have more privileges and benefits that those who belong to the lower middle classes. They are accorded more rights and are considered more influential and have easier access to opportunities, income and separate rewards.There is the so-called economic model of time use wherein households rationally and efficiently allocate time, typically through specialization of one partner in paid work and the other in unpaid work.The first condition is human capital which explains that men have more get it on and education than women and biological differences, since women are those that bear children and care for them. The second is, the person with more power pull up stakes do less(prenominal)er unpaid work because household labor is less likable than paid tasks. The three is that although the experience and education of women have gone up during the past thirty years, th ey are still less paid compared to men. The fourth condition is that

How classic was the 1959 mini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

How genuine was the 1959 mini - Essay ExampleIn the aftermath of the Suez Canals closing, gondola sales plummeted, and the railway cars which were creation sold off at that time had low performance and were unattractive. Upon recognizing the need for better cars, all car manufacturing companies responded by producing cars that were efficient in terms of the technology which as there at that time. Germany introduced the bubble cars which were softened and had only three wheels (Mini Cooper History, n.d.). Sir Leonard Lord who was then currently managing the British Motor Company did non find the bubble cars much to his taste. Coincidentally, the British Motor Company rehired Sir Alec Issigonis, who was given some basic requirements on a car that was to be developed by British Motor Company. The fundamental requisites for the said car wereSir Alec Issigonis took the current A-series engine from the British Motor Company Austin car and set it in a transverse position on the front w heel drive chassis, while placing the radiator on the left spatial relation of the engine.The early mini that was designed by Sir Alec Issigonis was publicly released on August 26, 1959. it was sold as either the Austin Mini Seven or the Morris Mini Minor. The engine offered was the said Austin engine that had a 850cc and generates a thirty-four (34) horsepower speed (Mini Cooper History, n.d.). Since Sir Alec Issigonis had a passion for smoking and dislike of music, the prototypal mini car design had an ashtray and without any radio for musical entertainment. It also consists of sliding windows which avoided the construction of mount of car window handles on the car door. Hence, with the extra door space large pockets were built. It also sported a centered mounted large speedometer.The first mini sold more than 116,000 units in its first socio-economic class of production (Mini Cooper History, n.d.). But given that not everyone

Nation-states and colonial regimes have historically managed diversity Essay - 1

Nation-states and colonial regimes have historically managed regeneration while creating further mixture in the process. Explain some of these tensions - Essay Exampleular media, scholarly literature, master key journals and many more, it is a multifaceted expression, and thus, there is no single definition of diversity. The dictionary definition of diversity is a state of unlikeness or the condition of being different. For many, diversity means inclusion, gender, or racial differences. Since we ar all different, diversity is a term that includes everyone. In this essay, diversity refers to individual, group and cultural differences. A nation-state is an independent state in which the majority of the citizens are united by factors such as rough-cut descent and language, which are factors that define a nation. JurgenOsterhammel (2005) as a relationship between the majority who are indigenous and the foreign invaders who are the minority, on the other hand, defines colonialism. In the pursuit of interests, the colonial rulers father and implement the fundamental decisions that affect the lives of the colonized people. History has that many examples of colonial regimes rejecting cultural compromises with the colonized cosmos exist. This end up forcing the colonized population believes that the colonizers are the superior. Unsurprisingly, this rejection leads to tensions within the diverse population. A concept that has been propagated to reply and manage the issue of diversity is multiculturalism.Multiculturalism is the ideology of embracing diversity in cultures and formulation of policies to protect the earthly concern of different orientations in a population (Long, 1997). It is all about making people in a society to preserve their different cultures. The idea of multiculturalism is manifested in the approach used to propagate and champion for it. protagonism groups are formed to push for recognition of the right of people to uphold and practice their culture and religion. another(prenominal) way it comes out is by creating of policies that promote diversity of cultures. The concept is opposed to the integration of

Compare and Contrast Essay Example for Free

Compare and Contrast EssayReligion is a gigantic topic to develop and more when you compare and contrast them. Everyone has different views based on their belief. In this essay Im going to compare two basic religions that are still single-valued function in forthwiths society after so universey years of development. These religions are buddhism and christianity. Considered to be the two great distinctive religions of the homo, both Buddhism Christianity today covers a large section of the world population with numerous similarities and differences. on that point are huge differences on this religions that outstand entirely the others.The existence of a personal creator and Lord is denied by Buddhism. However, Christianity thinks in a personal creator and each may have a relationship with the creator, savior. Buddhism believes the world operates under natural law and power and Christians believe that there is a divine order to the world. any(prenominal) in Buddhism d eify the Buddha and worship other gods as well. Christianity is clear that a personal God exists however He is to be the only object of worship. Buddist believe that through a blowing out of yourself, freeing you from desire, go away you break the cycle of reincarnation.Christianity says that a relationship with God through belief in the sacrificial knead of Jesus Christ on the cross is what allows people to go to heaven. This only comes when manyone completely trusts in what God has done for us in the person of Jesus Christ. There is no such intimacy in Buddhism as sin against a supreme being. In Christianity sin is ultimately against God and affects man and this world. According to Buddhist belief, the homosexual life is not consider to have much worth, having only brief existence.Life is understood in such a way in getting rid of all desire (good and bad) and not placing any value on this life on earth and not to believe there is any eternal soul to a person. In Christiani ty people are of infinite worth, do in the image of God, and will exist eternally. The human proboscis is a hindrance to the Buddhist period to the Christian it is an instrument for glorifying God as well as God will restore the body of those who commit their lives to him so that they can be in his presence forever. Also there are some things in which Buddhism and Christianity are really similar.Lord Buddha based His ethics on the golden rule, which was for the welfare of the human beings. Christianity, Jesus Christ also preached His ethics as per the golden rule, which was for the welfare of His people and easily approachable. Buddha, the fracture of Buddhism rejected extreme asceticism and gave an emphasis on self-liberation through knowledge. On the other hand Jesus Christ also rejected extreme asceticism. The worship in Buddhism includes monasticism, ringing of bells, bowing, use of incense and rosary, erecting of towers or stupas, prayers and meditation.Similarly, the Chris tians also follow almost same form of worship Monasticism, Confession, the cult of images, ringing of bells, use of rosary and incense and the erection of towers. The Buddhist doctrine gives an emphasis on love for the entire mankind and every other beings as well, no matter whether the being is a friend or an opposition. The Christian doctrine is also based on the principle of Love the neighbour like into yourself, which sum that love should be showered upon not only your friends, but the entire beings. In conclusion buddhism and christianity like any other religion have their similarities and their own differences.

Castrol and Its Distributors Essay Example for Free

Castrol and Its Distributors EssayWe had to stupefy up with summer training in the corporate sector for hands on experience, where we get an opportunity to put into practice the knowledge gained during the entire first year. Hence, the organizational study was conducted at Shekar Agencies, Bangalore, for a period of 5 weeks. The organization was studied on an overall basis. The aim of our study was to * Understand the structure of Shekar Agencies and how it functions. * Understand the diverse facets of the environment in which the organization operates. * Understand the culture of Shekar Agencies. Know about the decision-making processes in Shekar Agencies.It may also have the function of transporting foreign particles. The property of reducing friction is known aslubricity. 1. 2. 2 Manufacturing movement of Lubricating Oil Lube oil color is extracted from crude oil, which undergoes a preliminary purification process (sedimentation) before it is handle into fractionating towers. A typical high-efficiency fractionating tower, 25 to 35 feet (7. 6 to 10. 6 meters) in diameter and up to four hundred feet (122 meters) tall, is constructed of high grade steels to resist the corrosive compounds present in crude oils inside, it is fitted with an ascending series of condensate collecting trays.Within a tower, the thousands of hydrocarbons in crude oil are separated from each otherwise by a process calledfractional distillate. As the vapours rise up through the tower, the motley fractions cool, condense, and return to liquid form at different rates determined by their respective change state points (the lower the boiling point of the fraction, the higher it rises before condensing). Natural gas reaches Crude oil distillation process A good lubricant possesses the following characteristics * High boiling point.If one thinks of lubricants today, the first part to come to mind are mineral oil based. Mineral oil components continue to form the quantitative ly most important foundation of lubricants. Petrochemical components and increasingly derivatives of natural, harvestable raw materials from the oleo-chemical industry are finding increasing word meaning because of their environmental compatibility and some technical advantages. On average, lubricating oils, which quantitatively account for about 90 % of lubricant consumption, dwell of about 93 % base oils and 7 % chemical additives and other components (between 0. and 40 %). Worldwide, there are 1380 lubricant manufacturers ranging from large to small. On one hand there are vertically-integrated petroleum companies whose main business objective is the discovery, extraction and refining of crude oil. Lubricants account for only a very small part of their oil business. At present, there are about 180 such national and multinational oil companies move in manufacturing lubricants. The 1200 independent lubricant companies mainly concentrate on the manufacturing and marketing of lubri cants and view lubricants as their stub business.

Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft Essay Example for Free

Shelley, bloody shame Wollstonecraft tasteShelley, Mary Wollstonecraft (ni e Godwin 1797-1851), English novelist, daughter of the British philosopher and novelist William Godwin and the British author and feminist Mary Wollstonecraft. Mary was born in London. Her mother died ten days after her birth. Her father had many literary friends, and Marys puerility was populated by such figures as William Hazlitt, Charles Lamb, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. In 1812, Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Harriet joined their circle. Before Mary was 17, she and Shelley were merging secretly by her mothers grave in St Pancras churchyard. After Shelleys separation from Harriet in 1814, he and Mary eloped to the Continent. In the eight years before the poets death, the couple lived an unconventional life, moving between Italy, England, and Switzerland, part of a itinerant set that included the poets John Keats and Lord Byron. Harriet Shelleys suicide in December 1816 allowed Mary and Percy to m arry. They had four children together, save only one, Percy Florence, survived his parents. The loss of their first child affected Mary profoundly, and seems to have shaped the themes of her first novel, Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus (1818).Mary Shelley conceived this accounting in 1816, while staying on Lake Geneva as the guest of Byron. tally to her introduction to the novel, their host challenged his guests to write a ghost story, and Frankenstein was the product of its authors unusually vivid nightmare. In cartel Gothic terrors with extreme physical realism and a basis in the skills of biology and electricity, Shelley founded the genre of science fiction. The novel is the story of Victor Frankenstein, a medical student who constructs a living being from the frame of dissecting-room corpses. Victors experiments dramatize the morality of the act of creation itself.He explains I collected bones from charnel- houses and disturbed, with profane fingers, the awed secre ts of the human frame. Horrified by the result of his project, Frankenstein abandons the brute, who wanders the countryside, tormented by his total isolation from humanity. The Creature persuades his fountain to construct a second, female being, but Victor dismembers this before it can be brought to life. In revenge, the Creature murders Frankensteins bride. A chase across the world then ensues, Victor determining to pursue the di mon who caused this misery until he or I shall perish in mortal conflict.The Creature, despite his monstrosity, is an intensely tragic figure, and Shelley effects an weird merging of its personality with that of Victor, who considers it my own vampire, my own spirit let loose from the grave. A critical and public success, the book was dedicated to William Godwin. After her husbands death in 1822, Shelley returned to England, where she settled with her son. She was granted a small adaptation by her father-in-law, Sir Timothy Shelley, but this was temp orarily withdrawn when she published Percy Bysshe Shelleys Posthumous Poems (1824).She spent much clip editing and annotating her late husbands work, but, owing to Sir Timothys opposition, she was unable to publish the Poetical Works until 1839. Shelley published cardinal other novels. Valperga (1823) is a romance of 14th-century Italy. The Last Man (1826) is an apocalyptic fantasy in which humanity is done for(p) by plague. Set in a republican Britain of the year 2073, it traces the effects of global catastrophe on a small group of characters and their wider environment.The final section of the book sees its narrator, Lionel Verney, living in the ruins of a decimated Rome. The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck (1830) is a historical drama much influenced by the novels of Sir Walter Scott. Lodore (1835) and Falkner (1837) are domestic stories with strongly autobiographical elements. Another novel, Mathilda (1819), which tells the story of an incestuous relationship between a father and daughter, remained unpublished until 1959. Financing her sons private education, Mary Shelley act to write essays and short fiction for periodicals such as the Keepsake.Between 1835 and 1838 she produced a series of scholarly biographies for the Lardners console table Cyclopi dia series. The death of Sir Timothy Shelley in 1844 brought a new-found security to her life, but her closing years were troubled by threats of blackmail from embittered members of the Shelley and Byron families. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written subdivision of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Aspects Of Contract Essay Example for Free

Aspects Of hug Essay occupation 1.1 Explain the importance of the essential elements required for the information of a reasonable demand?OfferA valid gallop identifies the bargained-for exchange amongst the parties and creates a power of acceptance in the caller to whom the offer is made. The communication by one party known as the offeror to the opposite party called the offereeb) AcceptanceTo constitute a contract, on that point mustiness be an acceptance of the offer as noted above. Until the offer is accepted, both parties slang not assented to the impairment and, therefore, there is no mutual assent. Offeree in a manner invited or required by the offer. Whether an offer has been accepted is a question of fact. The event of acceptance is to convert the offer into a binding contract.To form a contract it is necessary that there is a party capable of contracting and a party capable of being contracted with on the other side. In other words, to enter into a valid, l egal agreement, the parties must have the capacity to do so.ConsiderationNo contract will exist without sufficient consideration due to agreement with the other 2 party has agree with the term and condition as well.Mutual AssentThere must be mutual assent or a meeting of the minds on all negotiated terms between the parties and on all the essential elements in terms of the contract to form a binding contract. function to create legal relationIn some jurisdictions, the parties must also have a submit intent to be cringe by their agreements. It is not necessary that the assent of both parties be give at the same time. Also, it is not necessary that communication of the assent be simultaneous. delegate 1.2 Discuss the impaction of different types of contract? A bilateral contract is an agreement between at least two people or groups. A bilateral contract is enforceable from the get-go both parties are bound the promise. For example, one person agrees to wash the others car in retu rn for having his/her lawn mowed. Acceptance of the offer must be communicated for an agreement to be established. A unilateral contract is one where a party promises to perform some action in return for a specific act by some other party, although that other party is not promising to take any action. Acceptance may take return through conduct and need not be communicatedTask 1.3 Analyse terms in contracts with point of reference to their lowlying and effect?Terms of contract set out duties of each party under that agreement. Generally, the terms of a contract may be either Wholly literal exam, wholly written and partly oral and partly written. Terms are to be distinguished from statements made prior to the contract being made. expect termsWhen a contract is put down in writing, any statement appearing in that written agreement will usually be regarded as a term, and any prior oral statement that is not repeated in the written agreement will usually be regarded as a re gratuit yation, due to the assumptionImplied termThese are terms that courts assume both parties would have mean to include in the contract had they thought about the issue. They are implied on a one-off basis. Two lapping tests have been trade used to ascertain parties intention. Business efficacy test terms must be implied to defy contract function.There are terms which the law will require to be present in certain types of contracts (i.e. not just on one-off basis and sometimes irrespective of the wishes of the parties).Task 2.1 obtain the elements of contract in addicted business scenarios?Offer can be seen from the case when Tams college offers admission to it student who under take s the vocational qualification.Acceptance can also be seen from the student when they agree to bound by the school regulations. Consideration is when the student promise to act in certain way. This is exceptionally important where the agreement involves a promise to act in a particular way in the fut ure.Task 2.2 Apply the on terms in different contracts?ConditionsThese are the well-nigh important terms of contract. Serious consequences if breeched. Innocent party can treat contract as repudiated (and thereof is freed from rendering further performance of contract) and can sue for redress. Description in contract of term as condition is not necessarily determinative of question whether term is condition. judicial systems tend to search for evidence that parties sincerely intended term to be such.Task 2.3 Evaluate the effect of different terms in given contract? Conditions are so important that without them one or other of the parties would not enter into the contract. Consequently, to make a conditionfalsely, or to breach a condition, is viewed so seriously that the wronged party will be entitled to treat the contract as void, voidable or at least rescinded.Where the term is a warranty, the wronged party will only be able to seek monetary damages for any going suffered.Task 3.1 Contract indebtedness in civil wrong with contractual liability?The non-breaching party has a affair to mitigate damages. If it does not do so, its damages will be reduced by the amount that capacity have been avoided by mitigation. In employment contracts, the employee is under a duty to use reasonable intentness to find a like position.Liquidated DamagesA liquidated damages provision will be valid if (i) damages (ii) the amount agreed upon was a reasonable forecast of compensatory damages. If these requirements are met, the plaintiff will possess the liquidated damages amount even though no actual money damages have been suffered. If the liquidated damages amount is unreasonable, the courts will construe this as a penalty and will not enforce the provision.Task 3.2 Explain the nature of liability in negligence?The primary function of the faithfulness of Torts is to provide remedies to cl flummoxants who have suffered harm, loss, or an infringement of rights. The harm i ncludes physical injury to persons or property, damage to persons reputations or financial interests, and rub with persons use and enjoyment of their land. However, just suffering such a loss does not necessarily mean the law will provide a remedy a claimant must show that the person committing the civil wrong owed them a duty of care and that the tort caused the loss.Task 3.3 Explain how a business can be vicariously liable?The company is liable when the manager is under the control of the employer that the employer tell the employee how to the work and when to the work. the work that the employee does forms part of the general business of the organisation. There is a contract of service between the organisation and the employee.Daniels v Whetstone Entertainments Ltd 1962A nightclub bouncer forcibly ejected Mr Daniels from the premises following a disturbance. Once outside, the bouncer assaulted him.Task 4.1 Apply the element of the tort of negligence and defences in different bu siness situations?Negligence is an important tort that covers a wide range of situations where persons negligently cause harm to others. In order to succeed in an action for negligence, it is necessary for a claimant to establish the following three elements1. The defendant owed the claimant a duty of care.2. The defendant breached that duty of care.3. Reasonably foreseeable damage was caused by the breach of duty.Task 4.2 Apply the elements of vicarious liability in given business situations?Employers are vicariously liable forEmployee acts authorized by the employerUnauthorized acts so connected with authorized acts that they may be regarded as modes (albeit improper modes) of doing an authorized act.There is normally rarely an issue as to whether a given act falls within the first category The tight cases involve assessing the connection between the act and the employees employment.Bazley established that the connection between the employment and the tort contemplated in the s econd branch of the Salmond test had itself to be addressed in two steps The Court must first examine whether there are precedents which unambiguously determine on which side of the dividing line between vicarious liability and no liability the case falls.If the prior case law does not clearly suggest a solution, then the Court is to resolve the question of vicarious liability found on a policy analysis directed at ascertaining whether the employers conduct created or compound the risk that the tort would occur.Task 4.3 Discuss three methods you can use to apply elements of tort in good order in a work a place?CONTROLOne of the traditional explanations of vicarious liability is that the employer should be vicariously liable since the employer controls the activities of her employees.The relationship between the partiesAs duties in tort are doctor by law, the parties may well have had no contact before the tort is committed.Unliquidated damagesThe aim of tort damages is to restor e the claimant, in so far as money can do so, to his or her pre-incident position, and this purpose underlies the assessment of damages. Tort compensates both for tangible losses and for factors which are enormously demanding to quantify, such as loss of amenity and pain and suffering, nervous shock, and other intangible losses..LIST destinationAtiyah P S Introduction to the Law of Contract (Clarendon Press, June 1995) ISBNBeale/Bishop and Furmston Contract Cases and Materials (Butterworth, October 2001)Cheshire/Fifoot and Furmston Law of Contract (Butterworth, October 2001) ISBNCooke J Law of Tort (Prentice Hall, May 1997) ISBN 0273627104

The withered arm Essay Example for Free

The withered arm EssayThe Withered Arm by Thomas audacious and The Schoolteachers Guest by Isabelle Allende although written a century a single out both are similar they posit a son dying, close communities and both span longsighted periods of time. In contrast, stalwarts 19th century goldbrick report card is set in rural Eng res publica whereas Allende sets her story in South America both of which establish the credibility of the stories.Although they start in different manner both set out to fascinate the endorser, gay chooses to set the in great detail and tote ups it altogether at the end, Allende chooses to hit the ratifier with a cushion and fills out the background using a series of flashbacks. During this piece of coursework I shall look closely at parts 1,39 of the Withered Arm and the whole of The Schoolteachers Guest and how they pledge the ratifiers interest and convince of their reality.To begin with venturesome describes the working atmosphere of an eighty-cow dairy in which we find one of the protagonists of the story. Immediately the indorser is transported into the believable save fictitious setting of Wessex, rural England. The language intentd backs up and adds to the verisimilitude of the story He do bring home his bride tomorrow. The syntax here shows a time gone by as does some of the antediluvian language used throughout tisty-tosty, supernumery and barton. As the story develops we see mentioned a woman separate from the rest. portly is slowly introducing this woman to the proofreader she mentioned as a thin fading woman of thirty milked fair apart from the rest. The reader is right away interested in this person the mention that she is thin and fading at thirty suggests that she may have had an arduous life. The woman being spoken of is named Rhoda Brook. In this chapter we are told of the farmers juvenile wife. During conversation between other milkers about his new wife there is a hint in their speech tha t there may have been a race between the farmer and RhodaTis hard for she Oh no he haant spoke to Rhoda Brook for years. Again an item that would interest the reader greatly as it preempt raise many questions, Was there any relationship? How long did the relationship last? and Why did the relationship end? Not long afterwards this point arises we see the emergence of Rhodas son of twelve this immediately makes me think, Could this have been the result of the relationship between farmer shoot down and Rhoda? This answered by Rhoda Your father brings home his three-year-old wife tomorrow. Rhoda asks her son to go to the church the next day to get a detailed opus on what this new wife looks like, the tier she comes from, distinguishing features, she wants to k presently everything about her perhaps be quiet harbouring feelings for Farmer lodge and wants to know if she is better in any way to his new wife. At the end of chapter two Hardy prepares us for what is to happen w hen he shows us Rhodas growing obsession with the new wife of farmer lodge, she know, after all the descriptions given her by her son, has a mental picture clear as a photograph.This is accentuate when we enter chapter three and Rhoda is contemplating Gertrude so intently she doesnt stop thinking about her even whilst working or doing general jobs around her home. Chapter three A Vision begins with Rhoda thinking about Gertrude so much that she loses sign of time and it becomes quite late. By the time she goes to bed still contemplating Gertrude she is visited by an incubus whose features are shockingly distorted, the incubus is Gertrude as Rhoda would like her to be which, as we find out, is in great contrast to what she truly looks like.The incubus is thrusting her wedding ring in Rhodas face taunting her with what she has and Rhoda wants and creates a powerful get wind in the readers mind as to what might be happening in that room. To relieve herself she grabs the arm of the incubus and throws it to the floor. Rhoda, along with the reader, believes this to be nonhing much than a dream that is until her son mentions hearing a forte thud on her bedroom floor, this shocks not only the Rhoda but also the reader that the events of the previous darkness are more believable than may have been first thought of it also helps to advance the reader engaged.When asked by her son Rhoda gives a nervous response Did you hear anything fall? At what time? She is crazy about it and is still preying on his mind. Not long after Gertrude appears at the gate of Rhodas home the reader could of expected a point of anger from Rhoda as she has already decided she does not like Gertrude and says I told you never go near that place. She wants nothing to do with her as Gertrude approaches the doorsill Rhoda is still imagining her as she was the previous night features shockingly distorted, Rhoda wants to hide, leave, be anywhere other than in her homeShe wouldve escaped h ad escape been likely. Rhoda opens the door and discovers not the haggard being she had seen the previous night but someone sweet and innocent and Rhodas sum total reproaches her for harbouring bad feelings toward Gertrude. From the first meet hey become good friends, during conversation Gertrude reveals her withered arm Rhoda is taken aback as is the reader. This raises the question, Is this real? Rhoda asks when it happened and when Gertrude mentions the exact time and date of Rhodas incubus.Hardys era would have been very superstitious and great deal like Rhoda would have believed themselves to peradventure have supernatural powers that help the verisimilitude of the story. At the end of the chapter the reader is left hand hand wondering what will happen between Rhoda and Gertrude a point that will keep the interest of the reader. The closing chapter has Hardy showing us how fate has a major part to play in how the story finishes. His attention to detail brings to the re ader the reality of the current situation One oclock on Saturday County jail 1793. Gertrude still has the withered arm and her final option given to her by a conjuror is to touch the bed of a man just hung, hence her visit to a county jail. Hardy begins to build slowly and dramatically to the climax by giving each detail of Gertrudes actions she crossed the inner paved court beyond he gatehouse, her knees trembling so that she could scarcely walk. Gertrude is shown as being visibly nervous by the chore at hand. Gertrude touches the young mans complete, neither she nor the reader at this point realise it is Rhoda Brooks son. Hardy shocks the reader once more when he reveals Rhodas arrivalImmediately behind her stood Rhoda Brook her face drawn and eye red with weeping. However this is not Hardys only surprise for the reader and Gertrude Behind Rhoda stood Gertrudes own husband. Hardys clever use of fate has brought together the protagonists for this intoxicating finale and expla ins the coincidences. In the end of the story we see Gertrude die from he stress of the recent events and that her blood has turned too far, the irony is evident as it was Rhoda who gave Gertrude her ailment and it was Rhodas sons neck which Gertrude tried to cure herself with.Farmer commit ends trying to make amends with Rhoda for what happened, he also died and left most of his money to a reformatory for boys and a small annuity to be paid to Rhoda possibly out of guilt. Rhoda ends the story as she began with very little and rejecting the annuity left for her by Farmer Lodge. As the reader we feel satisfied with the outcome whilst feeling melancholy about Gertrudes death throughout, she did no ruin and remained the sweet innocent person described by the young boy, also pleased that the Farmer realise he had a responsibility to Rhoda no matter how late on it was.The unfortunate barriers of Victorian class are indeed the real barriers to a true relationship neither Rhoda or Farme r Lodge can ever truly be together a fact all too swell up accepted by Hardys readers. In comparison, the contemporary writer Allendes short story The Schoolteachers Guest, begins with a shock she announce to him that she had just cut off the head of a guest in her boarding house. Allende begins to immediately engage the reader with this announcement whereas Hardy decides to begin by setting the scene in great detail.At this point the reader has no clue for the reasons behind this brutal murder all we know is how she has killed him. The reader would have noticed the closeness of both Ines and Riad, proven by the fact Riad is the first she tells of this murder, Allende is showing indirectly the closeness of their friendship and Riad knows immediately Ines is being truthful as he clasps his handkerchief to his mouth she would not of told him this if she did not fully trust him and this trust plays a key part throughout the story. Subsequently, Allende uses flashback to show the re ader the depth of their relationship and to show the length of itThe two had known each other so long an Arab immigrant with a false Turkish passport still-young woman with firm hips and proud shoulders. Similarly to Hardy, Allende chooses to open up the doors to the protagonists history slowly by using flashback, which engages the reader and helps them to become part of the fictitious agua Santa. Agua Santa as a place helps the plausibility of the story, it is set as a quiet townspeople someplace foreign to Britain possibly South America as it mentions it being on the edge of the jungle.Ines does things made possible only by the setting she is in Girls brought boyfriends for approval she was counsellor, arbiter and judge of all the towns problems. Ines is shown to have an gentle wind about her a certain authority that makes people listen and her opinions matter to them Her authority, in fact, was mightier than that of the priest, the doctor, or the police. The town respect s Ines, as she is the only teacher in the area so she would have taught everyone there and that is wherefore everyone respects her.Allendes Agua Santa makes things like these possible, these sorts of things would of not been possible in a modern British setting, as they would be seen to be totally unreal, however Agua Santa is a completely different culture thats what makes it more acceptable to the reader. Allende, likewise to Hardy, incorporates fate as a main reason for Ines killing the man I had to do it, it was fate. In comparison to Hardy, Allende shows the idea of fate directly with Ines mentioning it, whereas Hardy does no mention it as such but the reader knows it is involved to explain some of the goings on.This is a point that fascinates the reader as it helps to explain a lot of occurrences especially the murder. The narrative ends with the death of the schoolteacher Ines that releases the people from their duty to keep the murder secret. Allende changes her style from second to first-person, as though she was around when all of this happened the death of the schoolteacher freed us, and now I can tell the story. Allende keeps the story present tense, which helps to make the reader feel a part of Agua Santa as all is happening before their eyes.Finally both stories are convincing in use of technique. Hardy and Allende have settings, which convince the reader of their verisimilitude Hardys characters actions are accepted because are set, though in Britain, a century ago and gives them licence to do things that would otherwise be cast aside as nonsense. Despite their contemporary nature, Allendes characters are acceptable as they are in a different land and culture it is because of such strong credible settings the reader is able to accept the goings on. Despite an age remainder of 100 years each author has the skill to captivate us.

The Crucible Essay Example for Free

The Crucible EssayThe vista of capital of Oregon, Massachusetts in Arthur millers The Crucible is a setting that is accessible and relevant to the reader, as it is grounded in naive realism. Although it is different from our society, it did once exist, and therefore helps us regard what can happen in a misgiving establish society. The theocratic setting is grounded in realism and Miller uses this to warn us that invoice repeats its self, and may do so again, as identical resultantidets happened in America in the 1950s. Miller uses Salem 1692 to show us some of the implications of living in a devotion based society, like having a good pay heed.In a fear based society, nobody is automatically trusted, everyone is judged by their expose. John Proctor has had a good name his whole heart in the settlement of Salem. However when he has information that could prove Abigail is not as good as she appears, he is conflicted between confessing that he had an affair with her an d ruining his good name, or watching people he knows argon innocent be convicted and keeping quiet. He does not want to blacken his name in the village. So he keeps the information to himself about the affair until it is too late, and nobody lead believe him be private road his name is no longer good.This shows that having a good name was so important in this society that you would take a chance your friends being convicted of witchcraft to keep your name white. Toward the end, when Proctor is about to confess to witchcraft, he refuses to residence away his name you have taken my soul, leave me my name He yells, and from this we see there is nix more important to him. Similarly, Judge Danforth is fixated on having a good name. We see this when he is not unstrained to postpone John Proctors hanging.He knows that John could be innocent, exactly if he postpones the hanging, the village could question Danforths judgement. So Danforth would rather innocent people die, than the co urts, or his reputation be put on the line. From these two characters, we get a sense of how much value a name can hold. The setting is vital in helping us infer this theme. Miller wants us to understand that in the close, fear-based village of Salem your name has so much value and holds your entire reputation. It must be kept white as people make every termination about you based on your name. It s ridiculous events like this that happen in a fear based society. However Salem 1692 is grounded in realism, so we are forced to consider our own society, and what actions take entrust currently as a result of fear. Take the Boston Marathon bombings for example. The USA lives in constant threat of terrorist attacks so when a bombing takes place, most Americans and the rest of the world are quick to weary it was the doing of the Middle East, when in fact there is no evidence at all to suggest that. Miller is encouraging us not to jump to conclusions in times of panic or unrest.In fear based societies, things often happen that we would now consider ludicrous, like intuition being genuine as proof, Miller uses a setting that is grounded in realism to show us this. In Salem, 1692 people lived in constant fear of the devil, witchcraft and spending the afterlife in hell. Villagers were so scared of the power of the devil, and the horrors of witchcraft, that anyone who was behaving with the slightest suspicion, or was in any way different, could be accused of being a witch. This is because they had no different translation for the behaviour.This meant that people like Tituba (a black slave) and Goody Good (homeless woman) were easily targeted and convicted by power hungry Abigail. We apothegm this conviction with a lack of evidence with goody Osborne. The evidence used to condemn her was that she did things like cause a black coldness to climb up Marys back, and for her to have a hold up ache, and she mumbled. As Witchcraft is ipsofacto an invisible crime. Theref ore who may possibly be witness to it? The witch and the victim. none other. The accused witchs interchange cannot be trusted therefore Marys word is accepted as fact in the court.Another seemingly ludicrous result of living in a fear based society is when Abigail and the girls hysteric reactions to people are seen as proof. Mr. Hale even admits that he has Seen too many frightful proofs in court showing that he takes these reactions as unfaltering evidence and reason enough to hang. By using this setting with such rigorous moral code, expectations and fear of the devil, Miller shows us how desperation can cloud judgement, and when fear and common vengeance writes the law suspicion can be accepted as proof.We are more willing to accept what Miller is notification us here because it is set in a realistic society that we view critically. Miller creates parallels to other events in history, and even now, to this real society from history to show us that history repeats. The Crucible takes place in a theocratic society, meaning that the bible is fact and law, people make every decision in life to please god and go to heaven after death.This of course means that witches are real as the bible states thou shalt not suffer a witch to live hence the people of Salem genuinely believe the devil is loose in Salem, and witches must be sought after and killed. The Crucible was written in the 1950s, as an allegory for the events that were happening in regards to communists in America. In the 1950s people lived in constant fear of communists America was at war with the Soviet Union, so if someone was seen supporting communism, they were accused of supporting the Soviet Union.The trials to convict communists needed very low evidence and were very partial, it is only because people lived in constant fear that these events could happen. Miller intentionally created mastermind parallels to the 1950s with 1692 Salem. Having the drama set in 1692 allows us to view the text more critically. We are in person removed from it, and can therefore more willingly accept the ideas that Miller is trying to convince us of. The text is a warning of the irrational things that come out of fear.By using this real event in history, and creating parallels with America in the 1950s, Miller wants us to acknowledge that we are not above these people, history just repeats its self. We should be able to lean from the Salem witch hunt, and even 1950s USA, but even today we still jump to conclusions in tense situations. The setting of this play is grounded in realism, it did rattling happen and the characters just represent human nature. Once we recognise this, we see that all humans are capable of behaving in this ludicrous way.In fact we still see this in todays society in Guantanamo bay. As a result of terrorist acts against the country, and the fear of more attacks the U. S military will interrogate, prosecute, act as the defence council, be the judges in trials of peop le who are suspected to be terrorist (often by racist stereotypes, Muslim/Islamic men). This gives possibly innocent people a hideously unfair trial and further validates Millers point That suspicion and accusation can be accepted as proof in fearful situations.We also see from this that the setting must be grounded in realism, by creating links in events that happened in that setting, to other events in history, we are forced to accept these ideas as true. Miller warns us through the setting of theocratic Salem in 1692, an allegory for America in the 1950s of the irrational actions that come from fearful situations and extreme societies. These ideas are accessible and relevant to the reader because the setting is grounded in realism.

History of Bolsheviks in Russia Essay Example for Free

History of bolshies in Russia EssayThe Bolsheviks, origin exclusivelyy as well Bolshevists were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour P dodgey (RSDLP) which split apart(predicate) from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903. The Bolsheviks were the majority faction in a crucial vote, hence their name. They ultimately became the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Bolsheviks came to power in Russia during the October Revolution variant of the Russian Revolution of 1917, and founded the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Re universal which would later in 1922 become the chieftain constituent of the Soviet Union.The Bolsheviks, founded by Vladimir IllyichLenin, were by 1905 a mass organization consisting primarily of workers infra a democratic internal hierarchy governed by the principle of democratic centralism, who considered themselves the leaders of the revolutionary on the job(p) come apart of Russia. Their beliefs and pr actices were often referred to as Bolshevism.Bolshevik revolutionary leader Leon Trotsky commonly used the terms Bolshevism and Bolshevist after his exile from the Soviet Union to differentiate between what he saw as genuine Leninism and the regime within the ground and the ships company which arose under Josef Stalin but as we will get to have intercourse there are similar traits to the Bolsheviks regime and that of Stalins. The Bolsheviks were journalists long before they were adduce leaders, and they never forgot the impact of a well-aimed message and the role of media.Newspapers were the life-line of the underground companionship. Formative ideological and policy-making debates were conducted in them reporters and deliverers evolved into party cadres and readers became rank-and-file supporters. At times, newspapers fateful from abroad kept the Party alive and Lenins editorials often forestalled factional division. revolutionary struggle taught Bolsheviks the value of ma ss media, and corroborate their belief that culture is inherently partisan. In times of semipolitical turmoil, they exploited it skill to the full.Illegal front-line newspapers helped turn soldiers against the huge War effective propaganda helped win the Civil War. Yet the revolutionaries knew that the same weapons could be used against them. When they took power, they protected themselves by denying the opposition access to public opinion printing compresses, theaters, movie houses were all eventually confiscated and pose under state monopoly. The Bolsheviks considered these measures necessary and just to maintain power and potency as the ruling and dominant political party.Soviet authorities were never ashamed of their monopoly on different aspects of culture. Culture was a weapon of gradation struggle as identified by similar events in the Chinese Revolution as the media and its regeneration of channels would amplify the rate and effieciancy of propaganda. Allowing the en emy access to mass media would have seemed criminally stupid. To debate the ethical motive of censoring was a waste of time the Bolsheviks concern was how to mold popular values, how to reach the masses, reflect the wishes of the state and censure alien ideals.This essay will look at the reason why the Bolsheviks were convinced that a stringent control over the media through a monopolistic system was necessary for holding unto political power but would eventually lead to press freedom for the masses due to a dogmatic process of internally amicableizing the Soviet Union with a substantive appeal to the working anatomy which would help solidify the Bolsheviks political power in the long term.With a strong thought that they as well be the working class, the control over the media represented one of the strongest tools to control and effectively stoop the friendly working class in the Soviet Union. 1 Bolsheviks and the Media The early twentieth-century media suited Bolshevik pur poses. Under Bolshevik sponsorship, they spoke with one powerful voice, unweakened by dissent or excessive subtlety, unencumbered by complexity. cerise propaganda depicted a world of stark contrasts Bolsheviks were valorous and self-sacrificing the Whites were cruel and debauched.It was no time for half-tones or self-conscious irony. Bolshevik propaganda might seem heavy-handed, all the same judging by its success, much of the public did not resent the overbearing tone. Opponents on both the left and dear were no match for the Bolshevik blitz, and some, resembling the Whites, were particularly ineffective in shaping public opinion. Discussions of Soviet mass culture have unremarkably dwelt on its administration and rhetoric more than content and reception. This is unfortunate, because mass culture was a rare suit of equilateral negotiation in Soviet society.The culture gap could not be forced as it stood as an obstacle to the unity of the nation behind one unilateral political party. The economy could be socialized industry could be whipped into higher production and citizens could be made, at tremendous cost, to behave as they should. But collectivized society demanded not that sight just say the necessary things, but as well as think them in private. Socialism had to be internalized. Many Bolsheviks saw the mass media as the path from political theory to internal thought. It converted abstract phrases into concrete images.Propaganda demanded the cooperation of three groups the Party and state, which provided the content the skills of writers and artists, who made ideas into image and the audience, which get and digested the images. Leaders, artists, and citizens all ack instanterledged the wishes of the other. The audience craved interesting material the state needed its values represented by symbols artists desired an arena for their creative energies (and a respectable living). One side-the audience-stayed mute roughly its thoughts, yet even at the height of tyranny, no mass audience could be forced to watch a movie or read a book.After claiming to represent the working class and finally taken power in Russia, the Bolsheviks saw themselves as the rightful representation of the working class. Though the Bolsheviks mat they were right in claiming to represent working class within their many promises and strong influence, they were not justified in making this claim in the end. The party felt it had won the right to represent the proletarians by bright freedom and self-government, but after demonstrations such(prenominal) as the Kronstadt Rebellion and the formation of the Cheka, it became apparent that the Bolsheviks had betrayed the working class.Firstly, the Bolsheviks felt that they were a clear representation of the working class. One of the main reasons for this assumption was Lenins irresistible promises to the working class. In Lenins work Declaration of the Rights of the Toiling and Exploited Peoples he give awa ylines the rights and privileges promised by the Bolshevik party if they should come into power. One of the first rights he outlines is The sovereignty of the quite a little i. e. , the concentration of the supreme power of the state in a unicameral legislative assembly composed of representatives of the people. Lenin sets out to demonstrate how the Bolshevik party stands for peoples representation in government, to further show the proletarians that the Bolshevik party is a peoples party. Lenin then goes on to point out that workers should be given the right to open freedom of conscience, speech, press and assembly the right to strike and to form trade unions. Because these new rights and freedoms were never forthcoming to the proletarians under the Tsarist regime, the promises made by the Bolsheviks were too good to pass up.In addition, the strength of the influence of the Bolsheviks served to gain support of the working class to the extent that other parties could not reach. Alex Shotman demonstrates how he and many others worry him were influenced more by Lenin, leader of the Bolsheviks , than any other party leader. The result of this debate and many others the likes of it demonstrate how Bolshevik influence dominated in comparison to that of any other party. Because of the many promises and strong influence of the Bolshevik party, its members felt that they were justified in representing the working class.The validity of this idea, however, proved to be indefinite after the Bolsheviks came into power. 2. Monopoly and the Media The Bolsheviks established a state monopoly of the media that absorbed literature, art, and science into a stylized and ritualistic public culturea form of political performance that became its own reality and excluded other forms of public reflection. Although Lenin had control he wasnt whole supported by the people of Russia. To gain support Lenin made a secret police force, which was in charge of erasing any opposition to the party.The Bolsheviks were also renamed the Communists. immunity of press was cancelled, unless you supported the Communist cause. The government took control of all ways of life. Lenin also made peace with the germans as he knew if war continued, the revolution wouldnt fully work. Although some were angery with the losses Russia had in the treaty, the Bolsheviks were in control, though it was not a steady form of control. there was still widespread opposition and soon a civil war broke out. he socialist ideologyon the freedom of press viewed it from two categories. Firstly the Leninism-marxism was completely against the idea of freedom of press as each absolute or abstract. The argument embodying this was that in a capitalist society the notion of freedom of press applied only to the Bourgeoisie and therefore the right to freedom of press applied to only a small percentage of the population. The first action to implement restrictions on the freedom of speech was the introdu ction of the polity of the Press authored by Lenin himself.The Decree and form of press which advocated for opposition and insubordination to the ruling communist party. An distil from the Decree below details the the thought of Lenin on how the monopolising the press would later benefit the masses and the working class For the bourgeoisie, freedom of the press meant freedom for the rich to publish and for the capitalists to control the newspapers, a practice which in all countries, including even the freest, produced a corrupt press.For the workers and peasants government, freedom of the press means liberation of the press from capitalist oppression, and public ownership of paper mills and printing presses equal right for public groups of a genuine size (say, numbering 10,000) to a fair share of newsprint stocks and a corresponding quantity of printers labour. He recognised both the revolutionary potential of the workers press, see for example a number of his early articles suc h as Where to Begin and What is to be Done, and the reactionary role of the bosses papers (as did Marx later in his life).However, the class personality of society had actually corrupted the press, according to this resolution. Against the bosses newspapers, the revolutionary government set up a armorial bearing to examine the links between the capitalist press, shareholders and who owns, funds and organises the bosses newspapers. However, at this stage of the revolution the bosses press had not been suppressed, that came soon after with the invasion of Soviet Russia by 19 different armies and attempts to undermine the revolution.Sadly, these measures of suppression in part laid the basis for the later dictatorship of Stalin and the snuffing out of freedoms alone with wholesale state threat and murder of millions. In one way the suppression of the press proved Marxs original point about human freedom but in a far more terrible way. 3. Aftermath of Monopolising Freedom of the press in the Soviet Union The Bolshevik leadership took it for granted that the revolutionary changes that they would carry out in the area of property relations, that is economic reforms, would result in equal revolutionary changes in culture. thereof in the first decade of their rule, the Bolsheviks would allow a degree of tolerance for independent creativity as well as developing government policies to mould the thoughts and behaviour of its citizens. The Bolsheviks were prepared to use propaganda on a scale never before used by any government to create a people attuned to the ideological dictates of their rulers. To this end, Lenin created a series of institutions to manage every aspect of public activity. The Supreme Council of the National prudence was formed to direct and coordinate all aspects of the communist economy.All matters dealing with the security of the State were entrusted to the Cheka and the Revolutionary Military Council handled every aspect of the Civil War. To man age the social revolution, Lenin consolidated all cultural organisations into a single large bureaucratised institution called the Commissariat of Enlightenment (=Narkompros) under the leadership of Anatolii Lunacharskii until (1929). Lunarcharskii was the Cultural Commissar and his all counterrevolutionary newspapers were closed. a State monopoly over newspaper advertizement was created.Lenin hoped to restrict the publication of anti-government newspapers by denying them advertising revenue. However, despite this, some 3,000 anti-Bolshevik newspapers continued to be published between November 1917 and June 1918. July-September all independent newspapers were closed overmaster by the Bolsheviks. On 27 May 1919 a state monopoly on paper was created. The state could now control the publication of all books. 6 June 1922 saw the censorship of all publications and pictorial matter was placed under the control of Narkompros. Publications of he Communist Party and its affiliates the Com munist International and the Academy of Sciences were exempt. Due to these rules of censorship any semblance of independent thought disappeared from public life in Russian. From 1918 onwards, authors and painters learned to practice the art of self-censorship because they knew that the government censor would be keeping a strict vigilance on the work. Despite this however, Stalin was to precede even more severe censorship laws after 1928 to further ensure that the government controlled the mind and the social development of the communist citizen.

Pharmacy School Essay Example for Free

Pharmacy schooling EssayEver since my childhood days, availing other population with the best possible way I could is really within my refer. Hence, extending my effort to the almost effectual manner in helping the people is something that I really enjoy to do. In light of this, I have decided and chosen to pursue a career that is involved in assisting and alimentationing the people or the public. Since then I always cute to establish a steady job in the health profession, specifically in the field of drugstore, and lastly render my service in helping other with their pharmaceutic requirements. In a sense, my interest in drugstore has further developed when one of my closest auntie has acquired hypothyroidism and is subjected to perform daily thyroid music to be able to sustain her health. Since then, the question of how such specific medicine could work in the gentlemans gentleman body to cure the diseases and other health problems has guided and led me to find out mor e roughly pharmacy. Likewise, the desire of understanding as to how drugs or medicines affect the human body and further understand the magnificence of drugs in peoples lives have boost my interest in this field.In addition to this, my enthusiasm in pharmacy is already evident during my younger days as I have a broad interest in science, As such, I also enjoy studying Mathematics. In lieu of this, such own(prenominal)ized characteristics together with my acquisition of major in biology, these would serve as my primary tool to survive in pharmacy school. As one of the aspiring pharmacists in the country, my personal and career goal is to be in line with the top-rated practitioners in clinical pharmacy. This is in pursuit of my fervent goal and dream to serve the public, most specially those who are sick and in need of appropriate pharmaceutical assistance.In this regard, I am very well aware that pharmaceutical work in the hospital is never easy at all. Thus, this require a highe r demand of dedication and enthusiasm to be able to meet the merriment of the people and serve accordingly. Nonetheless, I wanted to pursue a career in clinical pharmacy due to the notion and belief that it would be more effective for me to achieve my goals in this profession by rendering patient care that optimizes medication therapy and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention.Moreover, I would say that I entail optimistic potentials to stupefy one of the better clinical pharmacist basing on my moral values and love for this job. As such, as a clinical pharmacist hopeful I hold on to my personal fella in providing quality services for those people who require pharmaceutical aid. In addition to this, I am well guided by my mission and desire to render the best possible service I could for the patients and for this profession.Hence, I would kindly appeal to the Admissions Committee to recommend me as one of the deserving student in formal Pharmacy schooling program by m eans referencing in my dedication and passion in pursuing a career in clinical pharmacy. In light this, supporting the public and the patients with their pharmaceutical requisites in the most accommodating and effective manner is my own profound sources of motivation to do solid and perform in the best positive way as clinical pharmacist in the future.Certainly, witnessing people or patients recovering from their physical ailment serves as the primary source of inspiration for me to excel and become one of the reliable practitioner in this line of work. On the other hand, my academic difficulties in college is as well worth to be mentioned as it taught me valuable knowledge and experiences that could possibly help me pursue a career in pharmacy. For my first two years in college, I worked full term to help support my family. With this, my performance in class and grades have suffered. Years after, I finally took a time off to school and help to support my family needs.I grow up in a family where my pop music has disabled himself and could no longer work to support us. With this, my mother had to raise me together with my brothers. I axiom my mother as she struggles to work for us and at the same time pursue her dream of fit a nurse. At about five years after, she finally became a nurse and this is exactly the practiced time I went back to school to focus on my studies. In the end, with this specific happenings in my life, my family, and with my studies, I would say that these had made me more stronger and inspired to reach my dreams as well as to my best to be able to achieve my career goal.Hence, to be able to do this, I accept the fact that I have to undergo a formal doctoral pharmacy program. Certainly, I truly believe that by means of this formal studies in pharmacy school, I would be able to acquire essential knowledge that could support me in improving and developing positive traits in becoming an outstanding pharmacist. With this regard, I hereby hand over myself to undergo the needed formal pharmacy program as I pursue my career and personal goal.

Relationship between humans and nature Essay Example for Free

Relationship between earth and nature EssayMarlowe in his poesy The passionate shepherd to his love duologue of the strong link between humans and the nature that surrounds them. The metrical composition from beginning to the end talks mainly of the nature that surrounds us wherever we go. The poem makes us construe that we are actu in ally dependent on nature for all our needs. The nature in its splendor is so beautiful that Marlowe has actually united with the environment. The poem captures the joy of love, in the midst of nature. In fact construe the poem makes one wonder, if the natural splendor that surrounded Marlowe when he wrote the poem, was the reason for his love to flow standardized a river. Nature makes one forget about(predicate) the present. In fact, it makes us forget all about ourselves and become one with nature as we enjoy and be part of the beauty that surrounds us in all its glory. Marlowe in this poem talks more of the nature that surrounds him and l ess about his love. The poem talks of the quiet simplicity of rural life and how humans are part of nature.There is no route of separating humans from nature. The humans are dependent on nature for their very existence. The nature is dependent on humans to be admired and glorified. The human dependence on nature is highlighted by the fact that Marlowe is seated upon a rock. He wants to make a bed of roses wool for a coat from the lambs, buckles for the slippers from gold, a sing of straw, the list goes on. Marlowe by writing this poem has made the readers understand the relationship between humans and nature. Annie Dillard in Sojourner talks of the humankind in its entire splendor.She talks of the mangrove corner that floats and becomes like an island in a sense. She rediscovers the magic of nature and how it can be viewed in a beautiful sense. People ordinarily get out not give a second thought to a tree floating. She magnifies the significance and projects a dewy-eyed natur al event into something extraordinary. In fact Annie Dillard brings to life the mangrove tree that is all but dead. A tree that has no life has been brought to life with her words. When Dillard talks about the mangrove tree, she actually means the Earth and its movements.She tells that Earth is a sojourner, creating its own path and moves in a path that cannot be followed by to each one other thing on Earth. She tells that Earth is a wet ball thrown into eternity and humans are part of this. We the humans and nature have united to become one. She ends with a question communicate what will happen at the end of the journey. The mangrove tree will finally end up in the Ocean. So where do the Earth and the humans living on it finally end up, is a question left unanswered. Mangroves play a major role in the essay by Annie Dillard. She uses the tree to show the human nature.The mangrove starts from scratch and builds a strong foundation. The human nature and relationships are similar. We all start from scratch and build many strong relationships as we grow. Some who are not adapted to make any relationships are like the mangrove tree felled by the hurricane, being tossed and not wise(p) the final destination. Annie Dillard unites with nature and is part of it. She talks of the Earths movement in words that make a psyche imagine and feel the true aura of nature. She has merged the human nature and the nature to be examples of each other.

Ford Motor Company Essay Example for Free

crossroad aim familiarity Essay pass over push Company is the third largest railroad machine producer in the world establish on railroad cars sold. traverse manufactures and distributes railroad cars in cc foodstuffs across six continents (Datamonitor 4). crosswalks brands include crossbreeding, Jaguar, Lincoln, Mercury, Volvo, Land Rover, Aston Martin, and Mazda. crossings key products include passenger cars, trucks, busses and vans, sport emolument vehicles, vehicle accessories, after-sales vehicle exposes and products and extended repair service products. According to Fortune Magazine in 2007 Ford was the seventh ranked Ameri sess-based company listed on the fortune 500 list, which was based on Fords ball-shaped revenues in 2006 of 160. 1 billion. The companys success comes from its ability to focus on customer satisfaction and loyalty, anticipating and meeting ever-changing customer needs, and delivering innovative products that exceed quality measurings and ar price friendly and also environmentally friendly.The financial stability of Ford and the long-term stability of our world be met by Fords strategy to lead with its products. some(prenominal) key strategies are used by Ford that help to develop products that are of high quality, affordable to consumers and that are in high engage. These strategies include continuous improvement of quality standards and customer satisfaction, adjusting to consumer demands by develop state-of-the-art technology that is cleaner and more fuel efficient, and delivering customer-focused innovations unwaveringer. If these strategies are implemented correctly Ford rat overcome many or the impetuous forces that control competition in the automobile persistence. movement ForcesDriving forces in an industry are the study causes that change the industry and the competitive condition of that industry. The main unprompted forces that significantly alter the automobile industry include competitio n and globalization, upstart technology and innovations, changes in follow and efficiency, regulatory influences and government policy changes, and changes in societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles.Globalization is when automobile manufacturers offer their products internationally. ane causal agent manufacturers do this is to increase sales in faster growing markets. as well as payoff costs can be cut due to lower labor costs in markets around the world. Ford force back Company is a strong believer in globalization it manufactures vehicles in six continents across the world. Ford focuses on three primary types of emerging markets. The first of all market is evolution countries such as China, India, and Brazil.The economies of these markets are growing and so is the need for products same automobiles. Ford realizes the amount of money consumers receive in these developing countries and adjusts products to make them accessible to these consumers. In 2006, production capacity in China increased to 200,000 units (For a more than Sustainable Future 7.) Also in 2006 Ford ranked second for customer satisfaction in India by J.D. Power Asia Pacific.The second emerging market Ford is focusing on is revitalizing economies such as Russia that are experiencing periods of growth after long periods of economic stagnation.The third emerging market Ford focuses on is high-growth niche market across the U.S. and Europe. Ford has developed and pull up stakes get across to develop crossing vehicles, advanced clean technology, and smaller more fuel-efficient vehicles that suit customers in a certain region or customers with different driving conditions.New technology and innovations is also a major driving force in the automobile industry. The ongoing change in technology alters the pattern of competition by pull ining more buyers. Innovations in production proficiencys allow manufacturers to produce products faster, more efficiently and cleaner. Ford focus es its innovation on design, technology, safety, and the environment. Fords innovations are based on customer demands. Today more customers want environmentally friendly automobiles and better fuel-efficient cars.Ford has and is also developing more advanced technologies that are environmentally friendly. Examples include biofueled vehicles, atomic number 1 internal-combustion engines and hydrogen fuel carrellvehicles. Ford also has an innovative manufacturing process, which is cleaner for the environment and also saves money for the company. Ford uses fluids blended from veggie oil colour during engine production rather than using mineral oil. The associated waste in engine grammatical construction is the most environmentally damaging part of the process. Ford also has improved its efficiency by enforcing hard-and-fast energy intensive operations, such as the generation of compressed air for handheld tools on the production line.Changes in cost and efficiency also drive chang e in the automobile industry. In the by few years material costs, labor costs, employee benefit costs and oil prices consecrate all been increasing. One way that Ford is combating high oil prices is its use of a soy-derived spume. The average vehicle made forthwith contains 30 pounds of foam made from petroleum products. Ford is making an effort to replace 40% of the petroleum-based foam with a soy-based foam. To fight against decreasing profit, rising labor costs and employee benefit costs Ford has been implementing elements of its flair Forward Plan. This plan was developed in 2006. The plan calls for reducing the number of Fords North American manufacturing employees by 25,000-30,000 and also plans to idle 16 North American manufacturing facilities (For a More Sustainable Future 34.)Also in 2006 health care expenses for U.S. Ford employees, retirees and their appearents were $3.1 billion (For a More Sustainable Future 35.) purge though Ford values its past and present emp loyees, the company cannot keep up with the rising prices of health care. In 2006 Ford had gather upd retired employees to support a higher portion of their health care benefits, and energetic employees were asked to increase their health care contributions. Also in 2006 Ford employees were offered to leave the company. To make it appealing to employees Ford offered eight different incentive packages. A couple of these packages included early retirement and an educational hazard package where employees with at least one year of service were eligible for up to $15,000 in tuition reimbursement per year up to four years (For a More Sustainable Future 34.)Another driving force that alters the scrap in the automobile industry is regulatory influences and government policy changes. One case of a regulatory influence would be the governments Corporate Average FuelEconomy (CAF) requirement, which measures carbon dioxide emissions. Ford has met the requirement e very(prenominal) year si nce the program was first introduced.Altering societal concerns, attitude, and lifestyles are major instigators of industry change. Growing consumer concerns towards environmental safety is a major driver of change in the automobile industry. Ford recognizes that manufacturing and operating automobiles have a significant impact on the environment. Ford has several chess openings to protect the environment.The first initiative includes developing advanced environmentally friendly vehicles. Ford was the first U.S. automaker to offer a full hybrid vehicle, which was also the first hybrid from any automaker in the SUV segment. The second initiative for Ford is to meet and exceed new clean air standards established by the Environmental aegis Agency. Reducing the environmental impact of our environment is Fords third initiative to protect the environment.Ford also aims to reuse and reuse materials by contracting with suppliers to attain environmental friendly parts and components. An ex ample is Fords Fumes-to-Fuel technology. A plants photograph operations are its largest source of air emissions. Ford has developed a process that uses paint fume to generate electricity for its plant.The last initiative for Ford is conserving natural resources by taking part in global environmental programs to conserver energy and wet. Fords developed a software program called WET that creates a facility-wide water balance to quantify individual uses of water and identify areas of opportunity. Safety is another concern that drives changes in automobile designs. Not only does Ford develop innovative safety technology the company also educates drivers. In 2003 Ford teamed up with the Highway Safety Association and a panel of safety experts to create a program called Driving Skills for Life. This program teaches teenagers develop the skills necessary for safe driving, beyond what they learn in standard driver education programs (For a More Sustainable Future 30.)Five Force Analysis strength of Rivalry Among CompetitorsThe automobile industry is one of the most competitive industries in the world. The light up competitors globally and domestically account for most of the industrys market share. In the get together States in that location are three top competitors cognize as the Detroit Three, formerly known as the Big Three. General Motors Corp., Ford Motor Co., and the Chrysler Group are the three companies that makeup the Detroit Three. According to Wards self-propelling Reports in 2006 the Detroit Three brands accounted for 41.5% of passenger car sales in the United States of this 41.5% market share, General Motors controlled 20.8%, Ford 14.1% and the Chrysler Group 6.6%. The Detroit Three market share is slowly decrease due to globalization, which is another reason that leads to stronger rivalry among competitors (Autos Auto separate Industry Survey 9.)In the United States, according to Wards Automotive Reports, the top three foreign competitors that are trying to take over the U.S. market include Toyota Motor Corp., Honda Motor Co. Ltd., and the Nissan Motor Co. Ltd. In 2006 Toyota, Honda, and Nissan accounted for 36.6% market share in the U.S. Individually Toyota controlled 18.7%, Honda 10.8% and Nissan 7.1% of the U.S. market share in the truck category the Detroit Three brands account for 67% of Truck Sales in the U.S. Toyota, Honda, and Nissan are the foreign companies trying to compete with the Detroit Three (Autos Auto Parts Industry Survey 9.) lack of product differentiation is another factor that adds to the intense rivalry between competitors. Automobile manufactures products include cars, trucks and SUVs. tear prevail over though thither is a lack of product differentiation within the automobile industry thither are many things that a manufacturer can do to alter design and production that make a product standout from its competitors. The innovation of technology and production causes intense rivalry between compe titors because if automakers want to dispense make the most profit they need to develop innovative technology that is a step forrad of its competitors and meets the needs of consumers or they need to develop innovative production techniques that are moreefficient and cheaper compared to its competitors. Ford is known for its innovation through and throughout the years one example would be the moving assembly line. This manufacturing technique allowed individual workers to stay stationary and perform the same task repeatedly on multiple vehicles that passed them, this technique allowed Ford to be more efficient by producing many more vehicles than its competitors.Threat of New EntrantsAlthough the automobile industry has very strong rivalries among competitors the industry will not see many new entrants in the emerging. There are several reasons why there is a low little terror of new entrants in the automobile industry. The automobile industry has reached economies of scale and to be successful in the industry new entrants moldiness reach economies of scale. Manufacturers must mass-produce automobiles so that they are affordable to consumers. Another reason why there are very few new entrants in the automobile industry is the very high smashing requirement. Manufacturing costs, research and development costs, start-up costs, and advertising and advancement costs are a few costs that require huge amounts of costs in order to be successful in the automobile industry.With rising oil prices, increase in employee benefit costs, higher healthcare costs and also rising steel prices the curse of new entrants will remain to stay very low in the automobile industry. The current short letter of the Automobile industry and the U.S economy is another factor that will keep the threat of new entrants low. rebellion gas prices, low consumer confidence and shrinking home values are all factors that are make decreases in automobile sales. Strong brand preferences and high degrees of customer loyalty is another reason there are few new entrants in the automobile industry. It is hard for a new manufacturer to attract customers that have brand preferences and are loyal customers, unless the manufacturer has a huge advertising and sales promotion budget or offer price discounts, these two things decrease profit margin.Threat of Substitute ProductsThe threat of substitute products is very weak in the automobile industry. Automobile transportation for people makes it unproblematic and fast to get from place to place depending on the length of their trip. Walking, biking, and riding trains, planes or subways are all substitutes to automobiles. These substitutes depend on the location of the person. People that live and work in the city will probably all walk, bike, or take a subway to work in order to avoid traffic or to protect the environment. The threat of these substitutes will always be low because it is convenient to have a car and new innovat ions toward environmentally friendly automobiles.Bargaining Power of Suppliers and BuyersIn the automobile industry the bargaining advocate of the supplier is weak. There are so many part manufactures in the industry to choose from it is easy for a company to switch from one to another giving supplier no leverage. The automobile part sector is so big that it is divided into four business units original equipment manufacturers, commutation parts manufacturing, replacement parts distribution, and rubber fabricating. According to a press release by Ford, the company spends around $90 billion on parts from more than 2,500 suppliers. Compare to the bargaining power of suppliers the bargaining power of buyers is a lot higher.Automobile manufacturers make profit from the sales of its automobiles. This means that manufactures have to produce automobiles that meet consumer needs and standout from its competitors. This is why consumers have such a high bargaining power because if they do no t like a certain automobile they can choose another automobile from a different manufacturer at a relatively low switching cost. Analyzing the bargaining power of supplier and buyers, identifying the threat of new entrants and substitute products, and also analyzing the intensity of rivalry among competitors will allow a company to assess the competitiveness of a certain industry.SWOT AnalysisFord is the worlds third largest automobile manufacturer, and their brands are sold domestically and internationally, which include Ford, Land Rover,Lincoln, Mazda, Mercury, and Volvo. In 2006 Ford received 30th place in the BusinessWeek-Interbrand ranking of the top 100 global brands in 2006. Another one of Fords biggest strengths is its industry leading innovative technology which is shown through product design, safety and production. Fords large pelfwork base is a strength to the company. Ford manufactures and distributes automobiles in 200 markets across six continents. Ford is also a ver y ethical company. For years, Ford has supported families in need. Ford encourages its employees to take two workdays per year to volunteer at an approved nonprofit organization.Although Ford is very successful it does have weaknesses. One weakness would be the celestial latitude in its market share. According to DataMonitor, Fords boilers suit market share in the US has declined from 21.1 % in 2002 to 17.1% in 2006. Competition, globalization, low consumer confidence, and high gas prices are all factors that contribute to Fords declining market share. Another weakness of Fords is its declining profitability. At the end of 2006 Ford recorded revenues of $160,123,000 billion which was a 9.5 % decrease from 2005. The operating loss of the company during 2006 was $16,950,000 one million million million compared to a operating loss of $1,550,000 million in 2005. This means Ford had a net loss of $12,613,000 million in 2006, compared to a net profit of $1,440,000 million in 2005 (Dat amonitor 4.)The automobile industry is full of opportunities. High gas prices and environmental issues have caused manufacturers to develop innovative technology. Ford is developing several technologies that are environmentally friendly and fuel-efficient. These vehicles include biofueled vehicles, hydrogen internal-combustion engines and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Global demand is also an opportunity for Ford. Ford has developed strategies to knead its product to emerging markets like India, China and Brazil. The economies of these markets are continuing to grow along with its demand for automobiles.A major threat to Ford is its competition, which includes General Motors, the Chrysler group, Toyota, and Honda. Rising costs are also a major threat to Ford. Rising labor and employee benefit costs have forced Ford to reduce its workforce and to close some of its vehicle assembly plants. The U.S. economy is also a threat to Ford. Consumer confidence is down due to rising oil prices and declining home values. The future of Ford and the automobile industry will continue to be worse in the near future if these threats continue.With rising costs and increased competition the U.S automobile industry does not look good. Industry sales are expected to decline in the future due to low consumer confidence, rising interest rates, and high gas prices. SUV and truck sales will decline the most due to the rising gas prices. There will be a higher demand for smaller cars that are fuel-efficient. The Detroit Three along with other U.S. manufacturers will increasingly focus its operations internationally to markets in Eastern-Europe, Latin America and the Asia-Pacific where production costs are cheaper. Environmental friendly technology and manufacturing will also continue to rise because of the growing consumer interest in protecting our world.Works CitedAutos Auto Parts Industry Survey. Standard Poors June 2007 2818 April. 2008. For a More Sustainable Future. Ford Motor C ompany June 2007. 19 April. 2008Ford Motor Company. Datamonitor Business Information Center Nov 2007.Campbell University Electronic Library., Buies Creek, NC. 18 April. 2008Ford Motor Company. 2008. Ford Motor Company. 18 April 2008Ford.com/.Gamble, John E., Strickland, A.J. III and Thompson, Arthur A. Jr. Crafting and Executing Strategy. McGraw-Hill/Irwin, 2007.The North America Automotive Sectors. Mergent Oct 2007. Campbell UniversityElectronic Library., Buies Creek, NC. 18 April. 2008